Accuracy and reliability

Overall accuracy

Sampling error calculations have been produced. The response rate is 93 per cent. Unit non-response is limited and due to bankruptcy, take-overs, etc. Item non-response is also limited. The quality of the statistics is considered high.

Sampling error

Sampling error (2018, all enterprises)

Variable: estimated share (coefficient of variance, cv) · Enterprises seeking to obtain loan finance: 12,9 (5,9) · Enterprises seeking to obtain equity finance: 3,0 (12,7) · Enterprises seeking to obtain other types of finance: 23,3 (4,2)

The coefficient of variance (cv) shows relative error, that is the standard deviation divided by the estimate, and is therefore without unit. That means, the higher the cv value, the greater the spread in relation to the estimate, and a higher cv value thus means a higher uncertainty. The relatively high coefficient of variance for equity finance stems from the fact that relatively few enterprises sought to obtain this type of finance.

Uncertainty is higher when breaking down by activity or size class.

Non-sampling error

Uncertainty relates to non-response, and this is limited in scale. The response rate is high (93), and the scale of item non-response is considered limited.

Quality management

Statistics Denmark follows the recommendations on organisation and management of quality given in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and the implementation guidelines given in the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF). A Working Group on Quality and a central quality assurance function have been established to continuously carry through control of products and processes.

Quality assurance

Statistics Denmark follows the principles in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and uses the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF) for the implementation of the principles. This involves continuous decentralized and central control of products and processes based on documentation following international standards. The central quality assurance function reports to the Working Group on Quality. Reports include suggestions for improvement that are assessed, decided and subsequently implemented.

Quality assessment

The 2018 statistics is based on 3878observations representing a population of 21385enterprises. The response rate is 93 per cent. Unit non-response is limited and due to bankruptcy, take-overs, etc. Item non-response is also limited. The published results are raised to the level of the population. A stratified random sampling is used on the basis of the activity of the enterprise, size class (the number of employees) and subpopulation. By grossing up a reweighting and calibration using regression techniques is applied to the weight of the individual enterprise. Imputation is not used, neither in the case of partially lacking information in the individual record (item non-response), nor in the case of completely lacking reporting from an enterprise (unit non-response). The latter, instead, is handling through reweighting as part of the grossing up procedure. The quality of the statistics is considered high.

Data revision - policy

Statistics Denmark revises published figures in accordance with the Revision Policy for Statistics Denmark. The common procedures and principles of the Revision Policy are for some statistics supplemented by a specific revision practice.

Data revision practice

Not relevant for this statistics.