EU price and volume comparison

Price surveys are conducted in order to provide price input data for household consumption, individual government consumption, collective consumption and gross fixed capital formation (investment goods and services). Reference (imputed) PPPs are used for NPISH consumption, inventories, and net exports.

Household consumption For consumer (market) goods and services, special price surveys are carried out. The product sample is determined in collaboration among the participant countries, the OECD and Eurostat. The final product sample should consist of comparable goods and services and, to the largest extent possible, be equally representative of the expenditure patterns of all participant countries. Subsequently, the data collection is carried out by the National Statistical Institutes. Prices are collected from a variety of outlets (markets, corner shops, supermarkets, specialist shops, departmental stores, service establishments, etc.), usually by actually visiting the shops, but also via questionnaires, phone or electronic surveys and Internet. Food and beverages as well as articles for personal hygiene and wellness and beauty products are extensively covered by scanner data from supermarket chains. The use of scanner data / transaction data has increased in PPP in recent years. In 2021, 14 out of 37 participating countries used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco comparing to only 7 countries in 2018. Denmark has used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco, as well as for Articles for personal care since 2018. Scanner data has many advantages in comparison with the traditional price collection, as scanner data contains information about all products sold and their turnovers. In addition scanner data includes discounted prices to a much greater extent than traditional price collection. Information on turnover and quantities sold is used for weighting of prices at item level. As a result of the change in the data collection method, there are therefore changes in the price levels for the product groups covered by scanner data compared to previous years.

Prices are collected only in Copenhagen area and its surroundings. In order to obtain national average prices, spatial adjustment factors (SAF) should be provided for all basic headings.

Prices are collected over a period of three years. The product sample is divided into six separate surveys, and each year, two surveys are carried out. In the calculation of PPPs, extrapolations of the most recent survey data are used for the product groups that were not surveyed in the reference year. A temporal adjustment factor at basic heading level, based on HICP data, is used for this purpose. A similar temporal adjustment is needed in order to calculate annual average prices for the whole reference year, based on the prices collected in the survey month.

Rent survey is carried out annually. Figures on rent (housing) are extracted from the national rent survey and from the Central Register of Buildings and Dwellings

Government consumption The services produced by general government are non-market services and as such, they have no economically significant market price. Because there are no market prices, non-market services in national accounts at input prices should be valued for collective services produced by government. The compensation of employees including social contributions for a sample of occupations in collective services provided by the government is surveyed annually. These compensation figures then enter the calculation of PPPs as price estimates for collective services.

In principle, the cost data are national annual averages for each sample occupation, which is extracted from Statistics Denmark's Salaries statistics.

For health services, PPPs are based on a mixture of (quasi-)prices collected for hospital services, outpatient medical services and medical products. This is applied since reference year 2010. The PPPs for years before 2010 are based on the input cost approach. Health survey is conducted annually by Statens Serum Institut.

Gross fixed capital formation National purchasers' prices for investment goods and services should be reported . There are two price surveys, one for equipment goods (once every two years), and one for construction (annual). The prices collected are mid-year prices because it is too costly to monitor prices over the whole year.

Prices for equipment goods are obtained from producers, importers, distributors or actual purchasers. The prices collected can be either purchasers' prices for actual market transactions or purchasers' prices for hypothetical market transactions - that is, what purchasers would pay if they made a purchase. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Prices for construction are collected using a set of standard construction projects covering different types of buildings and civil engineering works. Prices for the projects are to be at the level of prevailing tender prices - that is, the prices of tenders that have been accepted by purchasers. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Auxiliary data In addition to the prices and adjustment factors enumerated above, expenditure weights at basic heading levels taken from the expenditure breakdown of national accounts are compiled and reported to Eurostat on annual basis.

Price surveys are conducted in order to provide price input data for household consumption, individual government consumption, collective consumption and gross fixed capital formation (investment goods and services). Reference (imputed) PPPs are used for NPISH consumption, inventories, and net exports.

Household consumption For consumer (market) goods and services, special price surveys are carried out. The product sample is determined in collaboration among the participant countries, the OECD and Eurostat. The final product sample should consist of comparable goods and services and, to the largest extent possible, be equally representative of the expenditure patterns of all participant countries. Subsequently, the data collection is carried out by the National Statistical Institutes. Prices are collected from a variety of outlets (markets, corner shops, supermarkets, specialist shops, departmental stores, service establishments, etc.), usually by actually visiting the shops, but also via questionnaires, phone or electronic surveys and Internet. Food and beverages as well as articles for personal hygiene and wellness and beauty products are extensively covered by scanner data from supermarket chains. The use of scanner data / transaction data has increased in PPP in recent years. In 2021, 14 out of 37 participating countries used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco comparing to only 7 countries in 2018. Denmark has used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco, as well as for Articles for personal care since 2018. Scanner data has many advantages in comparison with the traditional price collection, as scanner data contains information about all products sold and their turnovers. In addition scanner data includes discounted prices to a much greater extent than traditional price collection. Information on turnover and quantities sold is used for weighting of prices at item level. As a result of the change in the data collection method, there are therefore changes in the price levels for the product groups covered by scanner data compared to previous years.

Prices are collected only in Copenhagen area and its surroundings. In order to obtain national average prices, spatial adjustment factors (SAF) should be provided for all basic headings.

Prices are collected over a period of three years. The product sample is divided into six separate surveys, and each year, two surveys are carried out. In the calculation of PPPs, extrapolations of the most recent survey data are used for the product groups that were not surveyed in the reference year. A temporal adjustment factor at basic heading level, based on HICP data, is used for this purpose. A similar temporal adjustment is needed in order to calculate annual average prices for the whole reference year, based on the prices collected in the survey month.

Rent survey is carried out annually. Figures on rent (housing) are extracted from the national rent survey and from the Central Register of Buildings and Dwellings

Government consumption The services produced by general government are non-market services and as such, they have no economically significant market price. Because there are no market prices, non-market services in national accounts at input prices should be valued for collective services produced by government. The compensation of employees including social contributions for a sample of occupations in collective services provided by the government is surveyed annually. These compensation figures then enter the calculation of PPPs as price estimates for collective services.

In principle, the cost data are national annual averages for each sample occupation, which is extracted from Statistics Denmark's Salaries statistics.

For health services, PPPs are based on a mixture of (quasi-)prices collected for hospital services, outpatient medical services and medical products. This is applied since reference year 2010. The PPPs for years before 2010 are based on the input cost approach. Health survey is conducted annually by Statens Serum Institut.

Gross fixed capital formation National purchasers' prices for investment goods and services should be reported . There are two price surveys, one for equipment goods (once every two years), and one for construction (annual). The prices collected are mid-year prices because it is too costly to monitor prices over the whole year.

Prices for equipment goods are obtained from producers, importers, distributors or actual purchasers. The prices collected can be either purchasers' prices for actual market transactions or purchasers' prices for hypothetical market transactions - that is, what purchasers would pay if they made a purchase. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Prices for construction are collected using a set of standard construction projects covering different types of buildings and civil engineering works. Prices for the projects are to be at the level of prevailing tender prices - that is, the prices of tenders that have been accepted by purchasers. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Auxiliary data In addition to the prices and adjustment factors enumerated above, expenditure weights at basic heading levels taken from the expenditure breakdown of national accounts are compiled and reported to Eurostat on annual basis.

Price surveys are conducted in order to provide price input data for household consumption, individual government consumption, collective consumption and gross fixed capital formation (investment goods and services). Reference (imputed) PPPs are used for NPISH consumption, inventories, and net exports.

Household consumption For consumer (market) goods and services, special price surveys are carried out. The product sample is determined in collaboration among the participant countries, the OECD and Eurostat. The final product sample should consist of comparable goods and services and, to the largest extent possible, be equally representative of the expenditure patterns of all participant countries. Subsequently, the data collection is carried out by the National Statistical Institutes. Prices are collected from a variety of outlets (markets, corner shops, supermarkets, specialist shops, departmental stores, service establishments, etc.), usually by actually visiting the shops, but also via questionnaires, phone or electronic surveys and Internet. Food and beverages as well as articles for personal hygiene and wellness and beauty products are extensively covered by scanner data from supermarket chains. The use of scanner data / transaction data has increased in PPP in recent years. In 2021, 14 out of 37 participating countries used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco comparing to only 7 countries in 2018. Denmark has used scanner data for Food, Beverages and Tobacco, as well as for Articles for personal care since 2018. Scanner data has many advantages in comparison with the traditional price collection, as scanner data contains information about all products sold and their turnovers. In addition scanner data includes discounted prices to a much greater extent than traditional price collection. Information on turnover and quantities sold is used for weighting of prices at item level. As a result of the change in the data collection method, there are therefore changes in the price levels for the product groups covered by scanner data compared to previous years.

Prices are collected only in Copenhagen area and its surroundings. In order to obtain national average prices, spatial adjustment factors (SAF) should be provided for all basic headings.

Prices are collected over a period of three years. The product sample is divided into six separate surveys, and each year, two surveys are carried out. In the calculation of PPPs, extrapolations of the most recent survey data are used for the product groups that were not surveyed in the reference year. A temporal adjustment factor at basic heading level, based on HICP data, is used for this purpose. A similar temporal adjustment is needed in order to calculate annual average prices for the whole reference year, based on the prices collected in the survey month.

Rent survey is carried out annually. Figures on rent (housing) are extracted from the national rent survey and from the Central Register of Buildings and Dwellings

Government consumption The services produced by general government are non-market services and as such, they have no economically significant market price. Because there are no market prices, non-market services in national accounts at input prices should be valued for collective services produced by government. The compensation of employees including social contributions for a sample of occupations in collective services provided by the government is surveyed annually. These compensation figures then enter the calculation of PPPs as price estimates for collective services.

In principle, the cost data are national annual averages for each sample occupation, which is extracted from Statistics Denmark's Salaries statistics.

For health services, PPPs are based on a mixture of (quasi-)prices collected for hospital services, outpatient medical services and medical products. This is applied since reference year 2010. The PPPs for years before 2010 are based on the input cost approach. Health survey is conducted annually by Statens Serum Institut.

Gross fixed capital formation National purchasers' prices for investment goods and services should be reported . There are two price surveys, one for equipment goods (once every two years), and one for construction (annual). The prices collected are mid-year prices because it is too costly to monitor prices over the whole year.

Prices for equipment goods are obtained from producers, importers, distributors or actual purchasers. The prices collected can be either purchasers' prices for actual market transactions or purchasers' prices for hypothetical market transactions - that is, what purchasers would pay if they made a purchase. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Prices for construction are collected using a set of standard construction projects covering different types of buildings and civil engineering works. Prices for the projects are to be at the level of prevailing tender prices - that is, the prices of tenders that have been accepted by purchasers. This survey is outsourced to the external expert.

Auxiliary data In addition to the prices and adjustment factors enumerated above, expenditure weights at basic heading levels taken from the expenditure breakdown of national accounts are compiled and reported to Eurostat on annual basis.